[h1]List of Corporations[/h1]
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[hr][/hr][h2]Medieval Era[/h2]
[hr][/hr][h3]Medici Bank (1397)[/h3]
Founded in Florence, Italy, by [b]Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici[/b], this bank became one of the most influential financial institutions of the Renaissance, specializing in trade finance and banking innovations.

[hr][/hr][h2]Renaissance Era[/h2]
[hr][/hr][h3]Fuggerei (1521)[/h3]
Founded in Augsburg, Germany, by [b]Jakob Fugger[/b], the Fuggerei is the oldest social housing project in the world, established to support the poor.
[h3]East India Company (1600)[/h3]
Founded in London, England, by [b]Sir Thomas Smythe[/b], this corporation managed trade between Britain and Asia, particularly in spices, textiles, and tea.
[h3]Dutch East India Company (1602)[/h3]
Established in Amsterdam, Netherlands, by [b]Johan van Oldenbarnevelt[/b], this was the first multinational corporation, managing spice trade and colonization in Asia.
[h3]Compagnie des Indes Orientales (1664)[/h3]
Founded in Paris, France, by [b]Jean-Baptiste Colbert[/b], this company oversaw French trade and colonization in Asia, competing with British and Dutch powers.
[h3]Hudson's Bay Company (1670)[/h3]
Founded in London, England, by [b]Pierre-Esprit Radisson[/b], this fur trading company later expanded into retail and land management in North America.
[h3]Mitsui (1673)[/h3]
Founded in Edo (modern Tokyo), Japan, by [b]Mitsui Takatoshi[/b], this trading company is now a major multinational conglomerate involved in various industries.
[h3]Lloyd's of London (1688)[/h3]
Established in London, England, by [b]Edward Lloyd[/b], this insurance market originated in a coffeehouse frequented by merchants.
[h3]Bank of England (1694)[/h3]
Founded in London, England, by [b]Sir John Houblon[/b], this institution is the central bank of the United Kingdom, issuing currency and regulating monetary policy.
[h3]Royal Bank of Scotland (1727)[/h3]
Founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, by [b]Archibald Campbell[/b], this financial institution has played a pivotal role in Scotland's banking and economic development.
[h3]Barings Bank (1762)[/h3]
Founded in London, England, by [b]Francis Baring[/b], this investment bank financed major projects, including the Louisiana Purchase.
[h3]JP Morgan Chase (1799)[/h3]
Established in New York City, USA, by [b]Aaron Burr[/b], this global banking corporation is now one of the largest financial institutions worldwide.
[h3]CitiBank (1812)[/h3]
Founded in New York City, USA, by [b]Samuel Osgood[/b], this financial institution specializes in consumer and corporate banking services.
[h3]The Guardian (1821)[/h3]
Founded in Manchester, England, by [b]John Edward Taylor[/b], this newspaper promotes liberal journalism and public service.
[h3]Harrods (1824)[/h3]
Established in London, England, by [b]Charles Henry Harrod[/b], this luxury department store is renowned for its high-end goods and iconic branding.
[h3]Herms (1837)[/h3]
Established in Paris, France, by [b]Thierry Herms[/b], this luxury fashion house specializes in leather goods, accessories, and haute couture.
[h3]Procter & Gamble (1837)[/h3]
Founded in Cincinnati, USA, by [b]William Procter and James Gamble[/b], this multinational corporation produces household and personal care products.

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[hr][/hr][h2]Industrial Era[/h2]
[hr][/hr][h3]Siemens (1847)[/h3]
Founded in Berlin, Germany, by [b]Werner von Siemens[/b], this corporation specializes in industrial manufacturing and engineering, including electrification and automation.
[h3]Boots (1849)[/h3]
Established in Nottingham, England, by [b]John Boot[/b], Boots began as a herbal medicine shop and grew into a major pharmacy chain.
[h3]Pfizer (1849)[/h3]
Founded in Brooklyn, USA, by [b]Charles Pfizer[/b], this company began producing chemicals and evolved into one of the worlds leading pharmaceutical corporations.
[h3]The New York Times (1851)[/h3]
Based in New York City, USA, [b]Henry Jarvis Raymond[/b] established this newspaper, renowned for investigative journalism and global news coverage.
[h3]Levi Strauss & Co. (1853)[/h3]
Founded in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Levi Strauss[/b], this company is famous for inventing blue jeans and becoming a global apparel brand.
[h3]Louis Vuitton (1854)[/h3]
Established in Paris, France, by [b]Louis Vuitton[/b], the brand specializes in luxury leather goods and fashion accessories.
[h3]Macy's (1858)[/h3]
Founded in New York City, USA, by [b]Rowland Hussey Macy[/b], Macys is an iconic department store known for its wide range of retail offerings.
[h3]Bayer (1863)[/h3]
Founded in Wuppertal, Germany, by [b]Friedrich Bayer[/b], this pharmaceutical giant developed aspirin and leads in healthcare innovations.
[h3]Nestl (1866)[/h3]
Established in Vevey, Switzerland, by [b]Henri Nestl[/b], this company is a global leader in food and beverage products.
[h3]Goldman Sachs (1869)[/h3]
Founded in New York City, USA, by [b]Marcus Goldman[/b], this investment bank offers financial services, including asset management and underwriting.
[h3]Standard Oil (1870)[/h3]
Founded in Cleveland, USA, by [b]John D. Rockefeller[/b], this corporation dominated the oil industry before being dissolved into smaller companies.
[h3]AT&T (1885)[/h3]
Founded in New York City, USA, by [b]Alexander Graham Bell[/b], AT&T pioneered telecommunications and is now a leader in digital communications.
[h3]Johnson & Johnson (1886)[/h3]
Established in New Brunswick, USA, by [b]Robert Wood Johnson[/b], this company produces healthcare products, including medical devices and consumer goods.
[h3]Nintendo (1889)[/h3]
Founded in Kyoto, Japan, by [b]Fusajiro Yamauchi[/b], Nintendo began as a playing card company and evolved into a leader in the video game industry.
[h3]Merck & Co. (1891)[/h3]
Founded in Rahway, USA, by [b]George Merck[/b], this company specializes in pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and healthcare innovations.
[h3]Carnegie Steel Company (1892)[/h3]
Established in Pittsburgh, USA, by [b]Andrew Carnegie[/b], this company became the largest steel producer of its time, driving industrialization.
[h3]Coca-Cola (1892)[/h3]
Founded in Atlanta, USA, by [b]Asa Candler[/b], Coca-Cola is one of the worlds most recognized beverage brands.
[h3]General Electric (1892)[/h3]
Founded in Schenectady, USA, by [b]Thomas Edison and Charles Coffin[/b], GE leads in energy, healthcare, and industrial solutions.
[h3]Roche (1896)[/h3]
Established in Basel, Switzerland, by [b]Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche[/b], this pharmaceutical company is a leader in diagnostics and healthcare innovation.
[h3]PepsiCo (1898)[/h3]
Founded in New Bern, USA, by [b]Donald Kendall and Herman Lay[/b], PepsiCo is known for its soft drinks, snacks, and food products.
[h3]Fiat (1899)[/h3]
Founded in Turin, Italy, by [b]Giovanni Agnelli[/b], Fiat is an automotive manufacturer and a pioneer in the automobile industry.
[h3]Walgreens (1901)[/h3]
Established in Chicago, USA, by [b]Charles R. Walgreen[/b], this pharmacy chain is a leader in healthcare and retail.
[h3]Ford Motor Company (1903)[/h3]
Founded in Dearborn, USA, by [b]Henry Ford[/b], this automotive company revolutionized manufacturing with the assembly line.
[h3]Rolex (1905)[/h3]
Founded in London, England, by [b]Hans Wilsdorf[/b], Rolex is a luxury watch brand known for precision and innovation.
[h3]Montblanc (1906)[/h3]
Founded in Hamburg, Germany, by [b]Alfred Nehemias and August Eberstein[/b], Montblanc is a luxury brand renowned for its craftsmanship in writing instruments.
[h3]Tata Steel (1907)[/h3]
Established in Jamshedpur, India, by [b]Jamsetji Tata[/b], Tata Steel is a pioneer in the Indian steel industry and a global leader.

[hr][/hr][h2]Modern Era[/h2]
[hr][/hr][h3]IBM (1911)[/h3]
Founded in Endicott, USA, by [b]Charles Ranlett Flint[/b], IBM is a global leader in computer technology and consulting services.
[h3]Panasonic (1918)[/h3]
Established in Osaka, Japan, by [b]K?nosuke Matsushita[/b], this company specializes in electronics, appliances, and solutions for sustainable living.
[h3]Gucci (1921)[/h3]
Founded in Florence, Italy, by [b]Guccio Gucci[/b], this luxury fashion brand is known for its timeless style and craftsmanship.
[h3]BBC (1922)[/h3]
Established in London, England, by [b]John Reith[/b], the British Broadcasting Corporation is a leader in global news and media.
[h3]Disney (1923)[/h3]
Founded in Los Angeles, USA, by [b]Walt Disney[/b], this company is synonymous with entertainment, animation, and theme parks.
[h3]MGM Studios (1924)[/h3]
Established in Los Angeles, USA, by [b]Marcus Loew[/b], MGM is known for producing iconic films and television content.
[h3]KFC (1930)[/h3]
Founded in Corbin, USA, by [b]Colonel Sanders[/b], KFC is a global fast-food chain specializing in fried chicken.
[h3]Porsche (1931)[/h3]
Established in Stuttgart, Germany, by [b]Ferdinand Porsche[/b], this automaker is renowned for its luxury sports cars.
[h3]Samsung (1938)[/h3]
Founded in Daegu, South Korea, by [b]Lee Byung-chul[/b], Samsung started as a trading company and grew into a technology and electronics leader.
[h3]McDonald's (1940)[/h3]
Founded in San Bernardino, USA, by [b]Richard and Maurice McDonald[/b], this fast-food giant revolutionized the restaurant industry.
[h3]IKEA (1943)[/h3]
Established in lmhult, Sweden, by [b]Ingvar Kamprad[/b], IKEA is a global leader in affordable furniture and home design.

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[hr][/hr][h2]Atomic Era[/h2]
[hr][/hr][h3]Sony (1946)[/h3]
Founded in Tokyo, Japan, by [b]Akio Morita[/b], Sony is a global leader in electronics, entertainment, and gaming industries.
[h3]Hyundai (1947)[/h3]
Established in Seoul, South Korea, by [b]Chung Ju-yung[/b], Hyundai is a multinational corporation specializing in automotive manufacturing and construction.
[h3]H&M (1947)[/h3]
Founded in Vsters, Sweden, by [b]Erling Persson[/b], H&M is a global retail giant in fast fashion and clothing.
[h3]Honda (1948)[/h3]
Established in Hamamatsu, Japan, by [b]Soichiro Honda[/b], Honda is a world-renowned manufacturer of motorcycles, automobiles, and power equipment.
[h3]Burger King (1954)[/h3]
Founded in Miami, USA, by [b]James McLamore[/b], Burger King is a major global fast-food chain, known for its signature Whopper.
[h3]Nike (1964)[/h3]
Founded in Beaverton, USA, by [b]Phil Knight[/b], Nike is the worlds largest supplier of athletic shoes, apparel, and sports equipment.
[h3]Reliance Industries (1966)[/h3]
Established in Mumbai, India, by [b]Dhirubhai Ambani[/b], Reliance is a conglomerate specializing in energy, petrochemicals, textiles, and telecommunications.
[h3]Intel (1968)[/h3]
Founded in Santa Clara, USA, by [b]Gordon Moore[/b], Intel is a global leader in semiconductor manufacturing and computing innovations.
[h3]Airbus (1971)[/h3]
Established in Blagnac, France, by [b]Roger Bteille[/b], Airbus is a leading aerospace manufacturer, known for its commercial aircraft.
[h3]FedEx (1971)[/h3]
Founded in Memphis, USA, by [b]Frederick W. Smith[/b], FedEx is a global logistics company specializing in shipping and express delivery.
[h3]Starbucks (1971)[/h3]
Founded in Seattle, USA, by [b]Howard Schultz[/b], Starbucks is a global coffeehouse chain known for its specialty coffee and customer experience.
[h3]Sanofi (1973)[/h3]
Established in Paris, France, by [b]Jean-Franois Dehecq[/b], Sanofi is a pharmaceutical leader specializing in healthcare solutions and vaccine development.
[h3]Microsoft (1975)[/h3]
Founded in Albuquerque, USA, by [b]Bill Gates[/b], Microsoft is a multinational technology company best known for its software, hardware, and cloud services.
[h3]Zara (1975)[/h3]
Established in A Corua, Spain, by [b]Amancio Ortega[/b], Zara is a global fast-fashion retailer known for its rapid response to market trends.
[h3]Apple (1976)[/h3]
Founded in Cupertino, USA, by [b]Steve Jobs[/b], Apple revolutionized technology with its computers, smartphones, and digital devices.
[h3]CNN (1980)[/h3]
Founded in Atlanta, USA, by [b]Ted Turner[/b], CNN is a leading global news network known for 24-hour news coverage.
[h3]SoftBank (1981)[/h3]
Established in Tokyo, Japan, by [b]Masayoshi Son[/b], SoftBank is a multinational conglomerate specializing in telecommunications and technology investments.
[h3]Bloomberg LP (1981)[/h3]
Founded in New York City, USA, by [b]Michael Bloomberg[/b], Bloomberg LP provides financial data, software, and media services.
[h3]Adobe (1982)[/h3]
Established in Mountain View, USA, by [b]John Warnock[/b], Adobe is a global leader in creative software, including Photoshop and Acrobat.
[h3]Haier (1984)[/h3]
Founded in Qingdao, China, by [b]Zhang Ruimin[/b], Haier is a leading manufacturer of home appliances and consumer electronics.
[h3]Lenovo (1984)[/h3]
Established in Beijing, China, by [b]Liu Chuanzhi[/b], Lenovo is a multinational technology company specializing in PCs, laptops, and mobile devices.
[h3]Huawei (1987)[/h3]
Founded in Shenzhen, China, by [b]Ren Zhengfei[/b], Huawei is a leading provider of telecommunications equipment and consumer electronics.
[h3]Red Bull (1987)[/h3]
Established in Fuschl am See, Austria, by [b]Dietrich Mateschitz[/b], Red Bull created the energy drink category and is a major sponsor of extreme sports.

[hr][/hr][h2]Information Era[/h2]
[hr][/hr][h3]Amazon (1994)[/h3]
Founded in Seattle, USA, by [b]Jeff Bezos[/b], Amazon is the worlds largest online retailer and a leader in cloud computing.
[h3]Netflix (1997)[/h3]
Established in Los Gatos, USA, by [b]Reed Hastings[/b], Netflix revolutionized entertainment with its streaming platform and original content.
[h3]Google (1998)[/h3]
Founded in Mountain View, USA, by [b]Larry Page[/b], Google is the dominant search engine and a leader in internet services and technology.
[h3]Tencent (1998)[/h3]
Established in Shenzhen, China, by [b]Pony Ma[/b], Tencent is a multinational conglomerate specializing in internet-related services and gaming.
[h3]Alibaba (1999)[/h3]
Founded in Hangzhou, China, by [b]Jack Ma[/b], Alibaba is a leader in e-commerce, cloud computing, and digital payments.
[h3]SpaceX (2002)[/h3]
Established in Hawthorne, USA, by [b]Elon Musk[/b], SpaceX is a private aerospace manufacturer focused on space exploration and reusable rockets.
[h3]LinkedIn (2002)[/h3]
Founded in Mountain View, USA, by [b]Reid Hoffman[/b], LinkedIn is a professional networking platform connecting millions globally.
[h3]Tesla (2003)[/h3]
Founded in Palo Alto, USA, by [b]Martin Eberhard[/b], Tesla is an electric vehicle manufacturer revolutionizing sustainable energy solutions.
[h3]Facebook/Meta (2004)[/h3]
Established in Menlo Park, USA, by [b]Mark Zuckerberg[/b], Meta is a global leader in social networking and virtual reality technologies.
[h3]Shopify (2006)[/h3]
Founded in Ottawa, Canada, by [b]Tobias Ltke[/b], Shopify is an e-commerce platform empowering businesses to build online stores.
[h3]Twitter (2006)[/h3]
Established in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Jack Dorsey[/b], Twitter is a social media platform known for real-time news and microblogging.
[h3]Airbnb (2008)[/h3]
Founded in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Brian Chesky[/b], Airbnb connects travelers with hosts for unique lodging experiences worldwide.
[h3]BioNTech (2008)[/h3]
Established in Mainz, Germany, by [b]Ugur Sahin[/b], BioNTech focuses on biotechnology, including mRNA vaccines and cancer therapies.
[h3]WhatsApp (2009)[/h3]
Founded in Mountain View, USA, by [b]Jan Koum and Brian Acton[/b], WhatsApp is a messaging platform used by billions globally.
[h3]Stripe (2010)[/h3]
Founded in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Patrick Collison[/b], Stripe is a financial technology company specializing in online payment processing.
[h3]WeWork (2010)[/h3]
Established in New York City, USA, by [b]Adam Neumann[/b], WeWork provides flexible co-working spaces globally.
[h3]Zoom (2011)[/h3]
Founded in San Jose, USA, by [b]Eric Yuan[/b], Zoom is a leading platform for video communication and online meetings.
[h3]Coinbase (2012)[/h3]
Established in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Brian Armstrong[/b], Coinbase is a cryptocurrency exchange platform enabling digital asset trading.
[h3]DoorDash (2013)[/h3]
Founded in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Tony Xu[/b], DoorDash is a food delivery platform connecting restaurants with customers.
[h3]Patreon (2013)[/h3]
Founded in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Jack Conte[/b], Patreon is a platform enabling creators to monetize their work through subscriptions.
[h3]OpenAI (2015)[/h3]
Established in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Sam Altman[/b], OpenAI is an AI research company focused on advancing artificial intelligence safely.
[h3]Discord (2015)[/h3]
Founded in San Francisco, USA, by [b]Jason Citron[/b], Discord is a communication platform popular among gamers and communities.
[h3]TikTok (2016)[/h3]
Established in Beijing, China, by [b]Zhang Yiming[/b], TikTok is a short-video platform that has transformed digital entertainment globally.
